The Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has reported a total of 762 fatalities due to outbreaks of Cerebrospinal Meningitis (CSM) and Lassa fever between 2023 and 2024.
During a press briefing in Abuja, NCDC Director General Dr. Jide Idris revealed that 361 deaths were linked to meningitis across 174 local government areas in 23 states and the FCT, while Lassa fever accounted for 401 deaths in 28 states.
Over the period, Nigeria recorded 4,915 suspected meningitis cases, with 380 confirmed. Dr. Idris highlighted that CSM is an epidemic-prone illness often exacerbated by dry weather conditions, poor ventilation, and overcrowded areas. The “Meningitis Belt,” covering 19 northern states, the FCT, and parts of the south, bears the highest burden of CSM cases.
The NCDC launched a vaccination campaign administering over 2.2 million doses in high-risk areas, targeting individuals aged 1-29 years. This group represents 70% of the population most vulnerable to meningitis.
Regarding Lassa fever, Dr. Idris reported a rising trend, citing improved surveillance and increased community awareness as contributing factors. Between 2022 and 2024, Nigeria saw 3,372 cases, with 401 deaths reported from 2023 to 2024 alone. He noted that environmental factors, such as climate change, have worsened the spread of the Lassa virus, primarily carried by the multimammate rat.
The economic impact of Lassa fever has also been severe, affecting livelihoods in affected communities. Infected households face high medical costs, further driving them into poverty. Dr. Idris stressed the importance of adhering to infection control measures, especially for healthcare workers, who are at high risk of exposure.
He advised the public on preventive measures against Lassa fever, emphasizing avoiding contact with contaminated surfaces, food, or water. Transmission can occur through direct contact with the body fluids of infected persons or through exposure to contaminated materials, making public awareness and hygiene essential to controlling outbreaks.
